The Debate Over Stem Cell Research - 936 Words

Stem cell research is full of controversy with a million different opinions on each side of the argument. In this essay, the â€Å"pro† side will be viewed and discussed. The background, the pros, the experiments and other information will be deliberated. Hopefully by the end of the composition, one will understand the benefits of stem cell research. In the early 1900s, Alexander A. Maximow was the first to actually use the term â€Å"stem cell† when he discovered the cell. He was a Russian-American physician, biologist, and scientist. He was the first to explain that stem cells come from common ancestor cells. This theory is known as the Unitarian theory of hematopoiesis. It was that day that the life-long controversy of stem cell research started. Growing up, especially in religion, the role of God should not be enacted by any human. With that being one of the most talked about cons, let’s go over the pros. There are no loose ends about the pros. It is said th at these small, master cells can be the cure to almost anything. From repairing old cells to actually manifesting cells itself, this powerhouse can do it all. Millions suffer from many different diseases and problems. What if a cell can possibly fix it all? Scientists are believing that stem cells can be very helpful in the cure to many of these situations. Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, spinal cord injuries, and hundreds of other genetic disorders are thought to be cured by stem cells. After a heart attack, theShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1027 Words   |  5 PagesStem cell research is the study of basic cells that are grown in laboratories where tests are made to determine the essential properties of the cells. Over the past few decades, stem cell research has become a popular scientific debate and controversy. Stem cell research is still considered to be relatively new technology that is responsible for taking human cells and developing them int o 220 different cells in the human body. Stem cell research has the potential to help disease research and managementRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1196 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor controversy over the topic of stem cell research. It seems to be that the main controversy when it comes to the topic of stem cell research is an ethical debate, and because of this it seems that the side opposing stem cell research always wins due to their use of pathos when it comes to their argument. I personally do not side with those against the idea of stem cell research because I believe that the pros outweigh the cons when you break it down this way. Stem cell research could be the gatewayRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe stem cell controversy has been going on for many years. The two basic controversies surrounding stem cell research is whether or not it is morally justifiable, and if stem cells will ever live up to the medical promises. Most o f these controversies concern embryonic stem cells more than any other stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are unspecialized, but have the ability to divide and make specialized cells like muscles, nerves, and skin cells. These cells are found in the early stage of human developmentRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1652 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research could one day hold the key to many new scientific discoveries if it is continuously funded in the years to come. I chose to base my research around the question, Should embryonic stem cell research be government funded? When I finish highschool I hope to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I wish to become a doctor and may not be directly researching stem cells, they may one day be a treatment that I will have to administer to patients. To answer this questionRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1543 Words   |  7 PagesWhile embryonic stem cell research has been ongoing for more than 30 years, it has only become a controversial topic over the past decade. The embryonic stem cell was first isolated in 1981 by two scientists at the University of Cambridge. However, it wasn’t until 1998 at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where the first batch of embryonic stem cells were created in a test tube. In 2001, President George W. Bush approved the use of federal funding for research on this topic, following this actionRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1685 Words   |  7 PagesWhile the use of stem cells can offer a lot to the scientific community, the derivation of stem cells from embryos is ethically unacceptable; and the use of stem cells in humans should be completely prohibited. Since the first research on embryo stem cells in 1998 on mice the controversy has been relentless (Timeline), and even now, scientists have made great strides in waning off of embryonic stem cells and instead using induced pluripotent stem cells from adult s, however these have their issuesRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1507 Words   |  7 PagesStem cells have become one of the largest and controversial research fields in the Department of Regenerative Medicine. They are often referred to as the â€Å"building blocks of nature† due to their ability to transform into any type of cell in the human body. The controversy behind the use of stem cells is the possible chance that stem cells can regenerate organs, and cure life-threatening diseases. This topic has been publicly discussed among scientists and healthcare professionals. There are differentRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1834 Words   |  8 Pagesembryonic stem cells. This up and coming treatment has gained a lot of praise as well as speculation from the media, medical and religious officials. Deciding whether to preserve the unborn, or treat the ill, leads to the question of the morality of using embryonic stem cells. There may be controversy ov er the use of embryonic stem cells but despite moral convictions, this type of research provides hope and promise to researchers and patients in need. Some believe the use of adult stem cells can abolishRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research2188 Words   |  9 PagesStem Cell Research is the future of scientific research, but it needs to be clarified more with the masses. Many think that Stem Cell Research is unethical and immoral. People also believe that Stem Cell Research is only done on embryos. Stem Cell Research could bring forth a world with fewer worries of disease and disablement. Moral and Ethical Opinions There are many thoughts that Stem Cell Research on embryos meant for treating infertility should not be funded by the United States government becauseRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1710 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Embryonic stem cells, according to the National Institute of Health, are cells obtained from embryos that are prepared from fertilized eggs which have been collected through the in vitro technique; in specialized clinics. Scientists use the stem cell research to have a better idea about the evolution, aging, and disease. Thus, they keep track of the stem cells progress across the lifetime; this tracking process can help scientists to figure out the genetic mutations

The Supplementation Nutrition Assistance Program - 1769 Words

The Supplementation Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), prior to October 2008 referred to as Food Stamps, was legislatively established nationwide in 1974 by the United States Congress. However, the Food Stamp Act of 1977 established comprehensive reform of the federally supported entitlement program setting the structure of the program today (Food Stamp Act of 1977). SNAP provides in-kind monthly benefits to provide nutrition assistance to low income families and individuals. With over 22 million households in the United States being served by the program in 2014, SNAP continues to be the nation’s largest domestic nutritional assistance program (Hoynes Schanzenbach, 2015). As a federally supported entitlement program, federal†¦show more content†¦The early 1980s saw a decrease in funding for SNAP, even as participation in the program had continued to grow. In the late 1980s and 1990s, funding levels were increased, but there was a drop in the participation among t hose eligible (King, 1999). During the welfare reform periods of the mid 1990s, SNAP was one of the federal benefit programs that had limited changes compared to other welfare programs who had more drastic modifications as part of welfare reform. Welfare reform did create limited benefits for immigrants and did not allow those who had drug felonies to receive SNAP. Legislation in the late 1990s created the removal of some of restrictions on immigrants and gave benefits to those with disabilities (Hoynes Schanzenbach, 2015). In the early 2000s food stamps began moving to Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) cards, which were later mandated by the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (2002 Farm Bill). The reauthorization of SNAP as part of the 2002 Farm Bill and the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (2008 Farm Bill) created many of the eligibility criteria today (Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002; Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008; Young, 2008). Program Eligibility At the federal level, and therefore common across states,

Of Mice and Men †in What Ways Could This Novel Free Essays

Steinbeck makes it clear that most the workers on the ranch are lonely, as working in a ranch is hard work and no one really wants to work really hard every day Just to eat and survive, so you can say that the people working In the ranch have no alma In life, living temporary lives, oath beaten by hard boys down from the ranches to swim In the deep pool, and â€Å"A beaten hard by tramps†. Also as Leonie and George had to walk long way to the ranch or to work this may have been the case for lots of people in the ‘ass as that was the time of the Great Depression and the Wall Street Crash In where the economy of the USA fell and everyone was out of jobs and money, you can say that this is tragic In some way as it shows how hard people tried Just to find work and how the Depression bought loneliness onto the people of the ASSAI. Some people in the ranch vive more lonely lives than others. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men – in What Ways Could This Novel or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the loneliest persons on the ranch has to be Curly wife. As she Is the only women on the ranch she feels Isolated and left out from the men and feels different. Also no one really wants to talk to her as she is the wife of the boss’s son and no one talks to her out of fear of getting into a fight with Curly who has power upon the ranch to fire people as he is the boss’s son and the workers did not want to get fired as there were no Jobs around. This can be seen as tragic as If a worker Is accidentally seen communicating with Curly wife Curly will ant him fired or will want to fight him as Curly is seen as a character as aggressive. Also Curry’s wife is seen as a â€Å"flirt† or just wants attention as she is the only female on the ranch, but Curly doesn’t want her to talk to anyone. As she has no female friends on the ranch, men are her only option, but they do not want to talk to her. So this really frustrates her and makes her lonely. Even thought Curry’s wife is mentioned throughout the book, she is never called by her name, from her lack of a personal definition you can say that the men on the ranch don’t see her a normal human being UT as an â€Å"object†. She says to Leonie â€Å"Think I don’t like to talk to someone ever once in a while? This shows that she is trying to tell Leonie that she is desperate to talk to someone and have a friend that she can Just talk to, you can say this is tragic as Curry’s wife can’t even have one of life’s simplest things â€Å"a conversation† or a friend. However, she believes that one day she w ould make It to the movies and become an actor, â€Å"l Alan used to level like this. I could made something of myself†¦ Maybe I will yet. † because of this extreme loneliness she wants to think of herself as having a true ahead of her, but in reality she does not. So she is living in two different lives, but in reality she Is living in a boring ranch with no one to talk to. You can say this Is tragic as the ranch brings peoples hope up Into believing that they will make it big one day but in reality the ranch crushes this dream and the workers on the ranch will 1 OFF Another point about Curly wife is she escapes all this â€Å"loneliness† by dying, when she is killed by Leonie, Steinbeck writes, and â€Å"The meanness and the planning of the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. This means that Curly wife is dead and now she looks happy when she is dead as she has escaped from being lonely. This can be seen as tragic as you can say that the only escape from loneliness is death. Another character that can be seen as lonely is Crooks. Crooks suffers from loneliness because he is the only black person on the ranch, and black people suffered lots of racial abuse from white people in the ‘ass because black people didn’t have human rights. Also he lives by himself as no one likes him as he is black, this makes Crooks even lonelier. Crooks does not take part in any social activity in the ranch, he is so lonely that he turns to reading books in his spare time. Steinbeck shows Crooks character someone who is desperate for company, but Crooks really does not show it. This can be seen as tragic as everyone is racist to Crooks on the ranch and no one likes him. Also when Leonie enters Crooks room, Crooks talks to Leonie even though he knows that Leonie doesn’t understand him as much, but still continues to talk as he is â€Å"not lonely’ any more as he has someone to talk to. Crooks says, â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ant got nobody†¦ I tell way a guy gets too lonely and he gets sick. † This shows that he knows what it’s like to be lonely and what it can do to somebody, this can be seen as tragic as no one should really know what it really feels like to be left out and lonely for a very long time even though there are always people around you and those people neglect you for something that you don’t choose to have – the color of your skin. Another character that is portrayed as lonely by Steinbeck is Candy. Candy is an old man who is physically disabled and who used to work on the ranch, he is disabled due to an accident in the past. You can say that candy is lonely because he is old and no one really wants to become friends with someone who is old, also Candy only companionship was his dog that got shot in the back of his head because he was getting old and useless Just like Candy. As Candy now has no friends he over hears Leonie and George talk about their â€Å"dream place†, as Candy wants to escape this loneliness he wants to Join Leonie and George in their dream place, so Candy offers his saving towards the dream place and making it a â€Å"reality’. â€Å"Expose I went in with you guys. † This shows that Candy is fed up from being in the ranch and wants to escape his past; also he knew he was going to be sacked soon as he old and cannot work so he put his money into the â€Å"Dream place†. This can be seen as tragic as you can say that people will give all their money away to escape from loneliness, and you can say that money does not always bring happiness. Another character that can be seen as lonely is Curly, even though he has a wife. No one really likes him in the ranch as he is aggressive and he likes to look down upon the workers on the ranch, this leads to Curly having no friends in the ranch, also Curly goes to the brothel house even though he has a wife, you can say that his wife may not like him that much or satisfy him so he turns to the brothel. This is tragic as Curly wants to be respected and to be seen as someone with power, no one him, also as Curly is intimidated by bigger men, he hates Leonie who is twice his size, as Lien’s character is seen by the workers on the ranch as â€Å"innocent† and childlike† the workers seem to take Lien’s side when Curly attacks Leonie out of frustration and anger. Curly as a character can be seen as tragic as no one really likes him and he has no real friends and no one seems to respect him but only fear him because of his position in the ranch, even his own wife doesn’t really like him as Curly always controls her and makes her feel lonely in her own ways and Curly even has to go to a brother to satisfy his sexual needs even though he has a wife, from this you can say that Curly is truly lonely. Another character that is portrayed as lonely towards the end of the book is George, as he killed Leonie, you can say that he now has no burden on his shoulders any more, but you can also say that George now has no true friend and will now suffer loneliness like the other men on the ranch. This could be seen as tragic as George killed Leonie out of â€Å"Love† and did Leonie as favor as Leonie would’ve been sent to a mental asylum and in the ‘ass asylums were bad places to be, so George did something out of â€Å"Love† and now suffers loneliness and not having a true friend. So in conclusion loneliness is seen tragic in a number of ways in this book and Steinbeck uses lots of means to escape loneliness; such as death, giving away all your possessions, and even turning to books. Also doing something you may think is good will bring something bad, like when George killing Leonie out of love and friendship, George will now suffer from loneliness, So â€Å"Loneliness† in Of Mice and Men is a major theme as all the characters are affected by it and Steinbeck shows all the tragedies of loneliness and he also shows what people would do Just to escape this â€Å"Loneliness†. How to cite Of Mice and Men – in What Ways Could This Novel, Papers

Implementation of Business Strategy-Free-Samples-Myassignement

Question: Prepare the report that examines the role of Project in the Implementation of Business Strategy. Answer: Introduction Nestle is a food and beverage organization with headquarters in Switzerland. This particular organization is also known as largest food processing organization in the world. Nestle mainly deals in manufacturing of baby foods, cereals for breakfast, dairy products, tea and many other products (Nestle, 2016). The organization claims to be important stakeholder of worlds largest cosmetic organization that is LOreal. This firm was established by collaboration of two organizations that is Anglo-Swiss Milk organization and Farine Lactee Henri Nestle. The organization grew certain number of recognition that is during the period of second world war and first world war. At present the organization claims to have more than 2000 brands ranging from globally to local favorites and the organization have branches in more than countries. The organization claim to take care of environment and communities where it works or operates. The organization looks after the regulation of environment and also tries its best to reduce any impact on environment (Sethi, 2012). Water is required for manufacturing of breakfast cereals, cooking the cereals, washing for its equipments. Various facilities have environmental and they keep a measure of various operation and method to improvise the performance of environment (Cordn, Hald and Seifert, 2013) . The organization claims to analyze the consumption of energy in details and ultimately works in minimization of energy by introducing energy efficient technology (Elena, 2013). The organization claims to make use of software which will help in increasing the efficiency of software and this ultimately will lead to check the optimal capacity of the truck and have less journey (Kerzner, 2013). The packing material used by this organization have plastic lines, cartons and shipping cases of cardboard which can be easily recycled by the help of existing facilities and the organization claims to encourage recycle packaging. Discussion Vision and Mission Nestle is considered to be leading nutrition, health and wellness organization. The ultimate goal of this organization is Good food, Good life which is provide the customers with best quality of products and wide range of food and beverage products ranging from morning to night (Elena, 2013). The ultimate goal is to be leading nutrition and wellness organization for delivering quality of food for improvising the value of stakeholder by maintaining its position as the leading choice of customers and preferred choice of selling products. People from various parts of the globe understand that food is considered to be nourishment (Chernova, Voytkevich and Ivanova, 2015). They are more focusing on the fact that choice of food and beverage can affect the quality of life of both individual and others. Innovation has always been taken as prior option of the organization. The ultimate mission of this organization is to enhance or improvise the life of various people. With every passing day the organization claims to improvise the products by making it healthier and tastier which will ultimately help the customers for taking care of themselves and their family members. This firm has the largest number of RD centers and more than 5000 people are involved in it (Cordn, Hald and Seifert, 2013). There is a team of scientists, engineers and nutritionists and designers to have the trust of consumer and provide them with quality of products. The main notion of this organization is to improvise the quality of trustworthy products, s ystem and services to improvising the quality of lives of customers. Strategic objectives Nutrition plays a key role is the daily life of everyone. Nestle strategy generally focuses to provide advantage to people by food and beverage product and services (Muller, 2013). Fast growing needs and strategy of the society provides nutrition, health and wellness strategy. Digital technology is shaping the whole industry, the current relationship with suppliers and retailers and the consumers who buy the products. With advancement of science and technology new opportunities are provide for facing the issues and challenges in the society (Chernova, Voytkevich and Ivanova, 2015). In the whole world where large number of people are undernourished or overweight this firm claim to provide solution for its consumers. Inspiring healthier lives: With the help brand name, products and services the organization is calming to inspire the life of people (Elena, 2013). Nestle claim to build and use knowledge for making use proper nutrition knowledge and providing people to provide people with information regarding the fact what they feed their families. Start Healthy and Stay Healthy: Programs like start healthy and stay healthy program generally help the parents and their children by providing best beginning in life. In collaboration with stakeholders united kid program will help children in having healthier lifestyle of eating and drinking. Nestle Healthy kid program: This program is all about encouraging activity and providing necessary information for nutrition. The organization main goal is to provide best quality of product to its customer (Mohajan, 2015). Nutrition and health platform which is Nestle science and skin health program allow the users to make use of most advanced research and development of network in the whole organization. With the help of RD network the organization claims to upgrade product and services which satisfy the needs of the consumer and helps in minimizing the rising cost of healthcare. Strategic goals and program used for supporting their objective Nestle aims in ensuring that resources are dedicated to correct projects which will ultimately help in maximizing the input (Muller, 2013). With the help of Nestle continuous excellence the organization claims in improving operation and provide necessary changes. With this program back office efficiency can be easily gathered which will ultimately help delivering competitive advantage and unlocking the various available sources (Cordn, Hald and Seifert, 2013). There are number of fuels for advantages for growth, support of brand, RD and innovations. The ultimate goal of this organization is to search for new opportunities and for certain zone where they can have contribution for problems faced by various firms (Mohajan, 2015). On one hand there are growing their business and on the other hand they are they are contributing a lot of things to the society. Trust is the main pillar behind the success of this organization (Drees, 2016). Trust has helped a lot in the growth of this organi zation, providing proper value for the stakeholders and as well as for the society. Nestle strategy has helped a lot in achieving the purpose of this organization, upgrading the quality of life and focusing to provide much healthier future for the coming generation (Vavpeti?, et al., 2013). Nestle has continuously adopted to the changing world and it strict follow its purpose and values from its time of establishment that is 150 years back (Sethi, 2012). The purpose of this organization clearly defines the reason behind the creation of better world with nestle. The purpose clearly states the reason behind the people who enjoy with product and services and for the people who are generally affected by business (Cordn, Hald and Seifert, 2013). The staff members of organization claim to be inspired by a lot of people. Their strategy has helped in ensuring a long term delivering for organization and making investment in short term projects for providing the needs of large of number of people across the globe (Biswas et al., 2013). The purpose of this organization has hel ped in satisfying the requirements of large number of stakeholders who are associated with this organization. Nestle Roadmap is mainly intended for providing direction to workers and providing strategy which will help it in achieving proper objectives (Muller, 2013). These objective demand a blend for long term inspiration for the workers and provide necessary level of performance. Nestle model is having securing and having success in the near future by having simplicity, making necessary investment for growth, scaling down of benefits and lastly driving the performance (Stahl et al., 2012). The roadmap of nestle consist of three main parts which are competitive advantage, growth drivers and pillars of operation (Mohajan, 2015). The overall management and strategic business is managed by small units of management and strategic units of business. Organization in general works with Research and development to check that the production of corporation is mainly faced by proper innovation. Strategic innovation will help the markets to have their business and objectives of brand (Sojamo and Larson , 2012). For achieving its objective Nestle has 500 factories in 80 countries with more than 17 research and development center. Competitive advantage: Nestle corporation is built on the belief that it can manufacture products in such a way that it can easily have value for long term stakeholders, employees and business partners. Nestle management and leadership principles are totally dependent on experiences which has led to its success in long term (Sethi, 2012). Production has always a big effect on environment. The ultimate aim is to have maximization of production of goods with reducing the consumption of available resources. In the whole Europe Nestle was the first organization to have biodegradable instead of plastic for manufacturing of products. Investment has been considered to be important factor for both the organization as well as for the corporation (Gonzalez, 2014). This particular organization has focused in creating long term value for the nation in which it operates. Nestle has unmatched product and portfolio of brand (Biswas et al., 2013). Nestle manufacture food items for all ages that is r anging from babies to old people. Operational pillars: Food and beverages have an important role in the life of people. It does not only bring enjoyment and social pleasure of having food together on the contrary it claims to improvise the personal health and nutrition (Sojamo and Larson, 2012). RD body of Nestle claims to have improvising the area like safety and quality, nutrition and health and lastly taste and texture. Nestle researcher and scientist have claimed to take part in providing benefits in field of health and wellness of various products to customer (Kulkarni, Rybkowski and Smith, 2012). Nestle corporate wellness unit along with unit of business is focusing to help the organization to have its position as leading in the field of nutrition and health. Nestle claim to sell products all-round the globe which is inclusive retailer superstores, supermarkets and large chain of stores (Chernova, Voytkevich and Ivanova, 2015). This organization is totally dependent on consumer making a choice of nestle product s over the other available products. Complementary between strategy and project Nestle is considered to be leader in Nutrition, Health and Wellness and it is trusted by most of its stakeholders. This organization have always believed that leadership is not about the quantity but its all about the behavior of the organization towards its consumers. The firms believe that for earning trust of consumers a lot of time is needed (Muller, 2013). Another method of earning trust is delivering goods at promised time. The objective and behavior of this organization is embedded in the notion that is Good food, Good life. Nestle Roadmap is designed in such a way that it can help in achieving its objectives. These objectives are designed in such a way it can easily deliver the level of performance (Sojamo and Larson, 2012). Nestle is looking forward in achieving leadership and earn trust by providing the expectation of consumers. Daily choices of consumer drive the performance of stakeholders which can easily satisfy the requirement of stakeholders. Nestle believe that long term sustainable value of stakeholders for their strategies, operation and behavior. Shared value is created by this organization by having value for the communities in which they operate, for the partners of business and lastly for the customers (Suh and Badrinarayanan, 2014). Nestle is focusing to make investment for the future and which can easily analyze the financial and sustainability of environment for the action of operation in terms of capacity, brand and lastly RD. This particular organization claims to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the needs of the upcoming or future generation (Biswas et al., 2013). They will have this in such a way that it will profitable growth with passing years. Along with this a high level of return for be easily achieved for their stakeholders and society for long period of time. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be easily stated that this report is about worlds largest food processing unit that is Nestle. This organization mainly deals in production of baby foods, cereals, dairy products and many other things. The operating environment of Nestle has been clearly discussed in details. All the necessary requirement that are water, energy, transport, packaging and recycling has been discussed in details. Vision and Mission of this organization has been discussed in details. The ultimate notion of Nestle that is Good food, Good life has been discussed in brief. Vision of this organization that is Nestle is to provide best quality of food and beverages to its customer with making any adjustment with quality. Strategic objectives of this organization that is inspiring healthier lives, start healthy and stay healthy and Nestle healthy kid program has been discussed in details. Strategy goals and programs for supporting the objectives has been discussed in details. I mportance of Nestle roadmap for directing the workers and having strategic objective has been discussed in details. Various important parameters competitive advantage and operation pillars has been discussed in details. Complementarity between strategy and objective for Nestle has been provided in details References Biswas, A.K., Tortajada, C., Biswas-Tortajada, A., Joshi, Y.K. and Gupta, A., 2013.Creating Shared Value: Impacts of Nestl in Moga, India. Springer Science Business Media. Chernova, D.V., Voytkevich, N.I. and Ivanova, N.V., 2015. Methods of logistic infrastructure formation for enterprises manufacturing bottled water. Cordn, C., Hald, K.S. and Seifert, R.W., 2013.Strategic Supply Chain Management. Routledge. Drees, K., 2016. Nestle and Baby Bottle Disease. Elena, P., 2013. A Case Study on the Influence of Public Advertising Campaigns in Child Education.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,76, pp.686-689. Gonzalez, M., 2014. Advancing Human Rights in Supply Chains through Community Engagement and Investment.PM World Journal. Retrieved from https://mgoconsultant. com. ar/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/pmwj20-mar2014-gonzalez-advancing-human-rights-FeaturedPaper. pdf. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kulkarni, A., Rybkowski, Z.K. and Smith, J., 2012. Cost comparison of collaborative and IPD-like project delivery methods versus non-collaborative project delivery methods. Mohajan, H.K., 2015. Present and Future of Nestl Bangladesh Limited.American Journal of Food and Nutrition,3(2), pp.34-43. Muller, M., 2013. Nestl baby milk scandal has grown up but not gone away.The Guardian,13.. Nestle, M., 2016. Corporate funding of food and nutrition research: science or marketing?.JAMA internal medicine,176(1), pp.13-14. Sethi, S.P., 2012.Multinational corporations and the impact of public advocacy on corporate strategy: Nestle and the infant formula controversy(Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Smith, E., 2012. Corporate image and public health: an analysis of the Philip Morris, Kraft, and Nestle websites.Journal of health communication,17(5), pp.582-600. Sojamo, S. and Larson, E.A., 2012. Investigating food and agribusiness corporations as global water security, management and governance agents: The case of Nestl, Bunge and Cargill.Water Alternatives,5(3), p.619. Stahl, G., Bjrkman, I., Farndale, E., Morris, S.S., Paauwe, J., Stiles, P., Trevor, J. and Wright, P., 2012. Six principles of effective global talent management.Sloan Management Review,53(2), pp.25-42. Suh, T. and Badrinarayanan, V., 2014. Proximal and distal influences on project creativity in international marketing teams.International Marketing Review,31(3), pp.283-307. Vavpeti?, A., Novak, P.K., Gr?ar, M., Mozeti?, I. and Lavra?, N., 2013, October. Semantic data mining of financial news articles. InInternational Conference on Discovery Science(pp. 294-307). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

Financial Regulatory Bodies an Example by

Financial Regulatory Bodies Firstly, let me discuss the functions of intermediaries. Intermediaries helped in the business of Pepsi Cola and Pepsi Cola. The will help reduce cost of doing business and they will also increase revenues of said companies. This observation is confirmed by. Allen, G. (1999) in discussing Place when the author said, Costs are associated with an exchange and can be reduced by reducing the number of transactions (exchanges). Marketing intermediaries increase efficiency in making products available to target markets. Through contacts, experience, specialization, and scale of operation, intermediaries usually offer the organization more than it can achieve on its own. Need essay sample on "Financial Regulatory Bodies" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In addition there other functions performed by said intermediaries. Thus, Allen, G. (1999) continued saying, Intermediaries smooth the flows of products to buyers by performing the key functions of informing, promoting, and physical possession (including negotiation, title, payment, risk taking and financing). A producer will use an intermediary when it believes that the intermediary can perform the function(s) more economically and efficiently than it can. The information function involves gathering and distributing marketing research and intelligence about the environment for planning purposes. Scanner technology provides a great amount of information. The promotion function involves developing and spreading persuasive communications about an offer. The physical possession function consists of the transporting and storing of products. This activity involves the negotiations for reaching an agreement on price and other terms. The title is the actual transfer of ownership from one or ganization or person to another. The payment involves buyers paying their bills. The risk taking function assumes the risk of carrying the product and receiving payment. The financing function involves acquiring and using funds to cover costs. Now let me discuss the function of financial regulatory bodies within the companies. Financial regulatory bodies are of course not intermediaries. Instead they regulate the business of the companies; they are usually government agencies like the US Securities and Exchange Commission. To regulate means to have the companies need to comply with certain government rules for the legal and normal functioning of the companies. One best example of a regulatory function is the prohibition for companies to connive for purposes of monopoly. Monopoly is an economic situation where the only one company controls the industry and there prices could also be controlled and thereby prohibiting competition among companies. As an example, Preliminary Country Paper Uganda (2005) quoted the following, According to unconfirmed reports, the two biggest soft drink producers, franchises of big international companies Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola, are alleged to have bought into the leading water bottling companies. According to the reports, Pepsi bought into NC Beverages, bottlers of Highland brand mineral water and Rwenzori Beverages Companies makers of Rwenzori Brand is alleged to have gone to Coca Cola. However, the two companies deny the allegations. Instead the companies state that they have joint distribution arrangements. Products from the water and soft drinks companies are routinely jointly distributed to retail outlets. One could observe that the two companies are possible connivance for monopoly; they instead prefer to call it joint distribution arrangements. The financial regulator could come in to declare nullity of such arrangement if disadvantageous to the economy. References: Allen, Gemmy (1999), Place, Accessed October 3, 2006 Preliminary Country Paper Uganda (2005), Capacity Building on Competition Policy in select Countries of Eastern and Southern Africa, Accessed October 3,2006

Free Essays on Picture In A Painting

What’s in a picture? An expression of one’s self can sometimes can be the ambiguity of life. It’s a symbol of expression that can be found in the deepest corners of our affection to someone we dearly love. This is what I feel when sometimes, the joys of life is the unknown. Like a painting waiting to be finished, you can never tell to see yourself whole unless you know that your time has ended. My love to someone can be a joy. Painting yourself to that picture in the never-ending vagueness of life. Pictures and paintings are two different worlds. Pictures are instant. You can never enjoy the time of looking your loved one in the infinity of time. Paintings are more intimate. Every stroke of the brush is a stroke of your inspiration. Your world now seems to be unimportant every time you held your brush into your hand. Enjoying the time you see the eyes of the women you most dearly long for. The picture of her can be as clear as the moment. Suddenly, all can be blurry as the painting. Memories hold wonderful moments, but can also make you grief in the moment in your Mellon collie life. This is all that I had left. Just the blurry images of herself. I kept those memories, constantly painting to make it clear. My mind sometimes bring me into a new world. It is as if, I was carried to a place that I was hoping to see. A place where I could see her more clearly in the dimension of reality. A painting as clear as certainty. But of course, imagination always plays with me. Never grasping the truth of the great unknown towards my life to quest. The task may be arduous. But I know somewhere in the perpetuity, I know that I might find and see the end of the eternal mystery. Waiting to frame the picture in a painting.... Free Essays on Picture In A Painting Free Essays on Picture In A Painting What’s in a picture? An expression of one’s self can sometimes can be the ambiguity of life. It’s a symbol of expression that can be found in the deepest corners of our affection to someone we dearly love. This is what I feel when sometimes, the joys of life is the unknown. Like a painting waiting to be finished, you can never tell to see yourself whole unless you know that your time has ended. My love to someone can be a joy. Painting yourself to that picture in the never-ending vagueness of life. Pictures and paintings are two different worlds. Pictures are instant. You can never enjoy the time of looking your loved one in the infinity of time. Paintings are more intimate. Every stroke of the brush is a stroke of your inspiration. Your world now seems to be unimportant every time you held your brush into your hand. Enjoying the time you see the eyes of the women you most dearly long for. The picture of her can be as clear as the moment. Suddenly, all can be blurry as the painting. Memories hold wonderful moments, but can also make you grief in the moment in your Mellon collie life. This is all that I had left. Just the blurry images of herself. I kept those memories, constantly painting to make it clear. My mind sometimes bring me into a new world. It is as if, I was carried to a place that I was hoping to see. A place where I could see her more clearly in the dimension of reality. A painting as clear as certainty. But of course, imagination always plays with me. Never grasping the truth of the great unknown towards my life to quest. The task may be arduous. But I know somewhere in the perpetuity, I know that I might find and see the end of the eternal mystery. Waiting to frame the picture in a painting....

Future of Electronic Commerce Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future of Electronic Commerce Technology - Essay Example It allows manufacturers to buy at a low cost worldwide, and it offers enterprises the chance to sell at a global market right from the start. The major change it has gone through since the past 5 years is the growing market opportunity it has provided to the developing countries. E-commerce has helped them enter the prosperous global market place, and so it has helped reduce the gap between rich and poor countries. In the upcoming era the B2B e-commerce would create new and better job opportunities and placements and would be expected to grow at double the rate it is growing today. B2C (Business to Consumer) e-commerce, despite of all the benefits of new technology along with a lot of media attention, is still in its early stages. The reason behind the slow growth of B2C e-commerce is those threats and vulnerabilities that lead to critical security measures in this respect and are creating new risks and hypes for consumers as well as retailers. There is a need to secure online services along with the factor of "availability" as most shoppers prefer to travel umpteen distances rather than to do discounted shopping online, just because of the threat of security issues like hacking, stealing or losing their credit card numbers. This means there is a desperate need to update the security measures of e-commerce and if the issue resolves to some extent, there would be a drastic change in the slow performance of B2C e-commerce in the next 5-10 years. In this respect the upcoming technology would focus more on the client side security than on ordinary security measures. The information would be more protected and secured between the customer's system and the server, which would be seen as an outcome in the form of enhanced retailing and wholesaling. The security issues would be resolved and the threat to hack would be minimized resulting in the benefits of new technology not limited to only e-commerce companies. Consumers would also be empowered with the ability to counter many of the current micro-marketing tools. If the success of online dynamic pricing rests on the asymmetry of information between consumers and retailers, new technology may hold the promise of "blowing" such asymmetries to "bits" (Philip & Thomas, 2000). The explosion of shopping comparison Web sites and the prevalence of "shopping bots" used by consumers to track competitive prices are just two examples of how technology can be used by consumers to combat the potentially exploitive practices of dynamic pricing. (Jason, 2000) The Internet has already revolutionized the world of Investment and finance. E-commerce has enabled online stock trading to be done online by just logging on to the website and making a few key strokes along with few clicks of mouse to identify the stock and number of shares involved in the transaction, one can buy and sell securities in seconds. Several trading platforms has been built in order to revolutionize the concept of stocks and trading, e-commerce has enabled a common man to engage in any type of online business which in the other case had not been possible. However the major issue to be considered behind the spectrum of online trading is

Managerial Finance (topic in instruction) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managerial Finance (topic in instruction) - Essay Example Examples here include venture capital businesses that require consistent capital. However, the investors are allowed to limit their liability due to the massive outlay of capital and investments in the company’s operations. Another example that benefits from limited liability partnership are firms employing and owned by attorneys and accountants that offer professional services (Steingold & Bray, 2001).. A good example is the McGladrey & Pullen Limited Liability Partnership, a mega accounting firm in the United States. Evidently, a 1% investment acquired by partners in the company accrues a liability that limits their exposure to their personal amounts invested. 2. When does insider trading occur? What government agency is responsible for protecting against the unethical practice of insider trading? Explain by giving examples. Insider trading occurs when an individual in a company or associated with an employee of a company accesses pertinent information, and illegally uses it to purchase or sell stock (Macey, 1991). Evidently, such information is used by the individual to gain unfair advantage in the trading of stocks compared to the general public. Example of an insider trading is in reference to the case of Rajat Gupta, a prominent New York based businessman. Evidently, he is accused of acquiring insider from a board meeting of Goldman Sachs. The information revealed that Warren Buffet was planning to make a huge investment that would in effect raise the stock pricing of the firm. Consequently, Rajat Gupta collaborated with Raj Rajaratnam, a hedge fund manager and to purchase stocks from Goldman Sachs when the price was still down. To this end, the government agency in the United States charged with protecting against insider trading is the Securities and Exchange Commission. Its mission is to protect investors, ensure orderly, fair, efficient markets and oversee capital formation. Evidently, the Securities and Exchange Commission enforces the law aga inst insider trading through its division of enforcement. The enforcement division commences investigations against insider trading plus a host of other unethical issues. These include investigations against theft of customer securities or funds, manipulation of securities market prices, sale of unregistered securities, omission or misrepresentation of pertinent information concerning securities. An example of a successful conviction by the SEC in insider trading relates to the case of Rajat Gupta and his collaborator Raj Ratnaman, the hedge fund manager. Evidently, Rajaratnam was investigated by the SEC and found guilty of insider trading. 3. Explain how the tax code allows depreciation to contribute to cash flow. An innate understanding of the tax deductions of businesses offers an appealing opportunity for business proprietors to enjoy individual benefits from business expenditures. To this end, the tax code provides an opportunity for gross income deductions that minimize income taxes. Moreover, the increase of tax deductions minimizes income taxes and taxable income. Consequently, an understanding of how to maximize the deductible expenses of a business enables the proprietor to lower the taxes. Evidently, the tax code allows for tax deduction on expense depreciation. Consequently, it results to tax shield or tax saving that increases the operational cash flow by default. However, this action is based on the premise that a taxable income is present. In effect, if taxable income was not

Rebranding to Queens Museum of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rebranding to Queens Museum of Art - Essay Example The paper tells that despite housing the current Queens Museum, the New York City Building has served numerous purposes including housing the first United Nations General Assembly headquarter between 1946 and 1950. Afterwards, the building was remodeled for reasons of accommodating the New York City Pavilion at a different World’s Fair. For most New Yorkers, the southern half of the New York building has great memories as it was the place they took their first skating lessons like I and most of my friends did. Since 1952, the southern half occupied an ice-skating rink that has served generation after generation. For the Queens Museum of Arts, the foundation year was 1972 and the museum has been occupying the Northern half of the New York City building. The museum’s growth is mostly attributed to the World’s Fair attractions and proudly incorporates the original fair exhibits. From the 1964’s Fair, the four prominent and still standing attractions to the Mu seum are gigantic steel sphere, towers seemingly capped with flying saucers and two rocket ships. According to Harpaz, each of the landmarks has a meaning. For the two rocket ships, they represent an era during which NASA had the great quest for space exploration and have man landing on the moon’s surface. These rocket ships are found outside the New York Hall of Science in Queens. The steel sphere of the globe or the Unisphere is a globe made from steel and comprising 12-stories. The Unisphere is located in Flushing Meadow’s Park outside the museum. The towers seemingly topped with flying saucers form the New York State Pavilion. Founded by Phillip Johnson, the Pavilion was established to embody the world’s hope for the future as well as for New York State to be a cultural and Technological Center. In 1964-1965, The United States of America was anticipating having a man land on the moon but these ambitions tampered news like an assassination of President John F Kennedy, Vietnam Casualties, and turbulent civil rights clashes. This monumental concrete structure comprised of a theatre, 100-foot high open-air egg-shaped ring, and three surveillance towers.

Challenges to Project Management in Construction

Challenges to Project Management in Construction By Aivaras Symanas Introduction This work uses Dreadnought project as a vehicle for discussion for challenges and of project management in construction as well as examining risk management strategy, particularly focusing upon the issues that arise from . Challenges to Construction Project Management The complexity of clients demands, together with the increasing complexity of the construction industry, particularly as a result of technological developments, has over the years resulted in specialisation within the industry. Variety of professions have developed as separate skills (e.g. Architecture, Quantity Surveying, ME Engineering etc.) and even on a small project all of those skills are involved. The key to the management of construction projects is therefore the way in which the contributors are organised so that their skills are used in the right manner and at the right time for the maximum benefit to the client. There is little point in the construction industry developing its skills if they are not then implemented effectively.(Walker, 2002) Scenario issues In addition to the professions already mentioned, every construction project involves many of the following additional stakeholders: Multiple regulatory bodies, local residents, statutory undertakers, end users etc. Internal and external stakeholders would be involved in different stages of the project. Early and comprehensive stakeholder identification and analysis, together with regular monitoring and updating, is necessary in order to deal successfully with all stakeholders and defuse many possible project obstacles. (Guerin, 2012) Successful Construction Project Management A project may be considered as successful if the building is delivered at the right time, at the appropriate price and quality standards, and delivers the client with a high level of satisfaction. (Naoum Langford, 1989). Effective project management seeks to make sure that these objectives are achieved, but nonetheless, completing large construction projects on time and on budget depends on a high degree of synchronization among many stakeholders which requires the entire team to work in collaboration. The need for collaboration arise and are depended on level of uncertainty, interdependence and complexity of the project. Issues with construction industry and its link with collaboration was recognized in the Latham Report (Constructing the Team) in 1994, and again reinforced by the Egan Report in 1998 (Rethinking Construction)(Gardiner, 2014) .It is fair to say, that collaboration is even more needed in todays industry with its complex chain of supply and introduction of specialist subcontractors and supplier design. Effective collaboration is one of the tools to ensure that stakeholders can accomplish the complex sequence of interconnected tasks on time. Tools to achieve collaboration http://www.constructionbusinessowner.com/topics/strategy/construction-company-management/key-successful-construction-project-management Decision making Iron Triangle As mentioned earlier, time cost and quality, also known as iron triangle, is often associated with project success, finding a perfect balance between them, or identifying the priorities of key elements could play a big role of project management. Lawrence Miles developed methodology called value engineering which is used to solve problems and identify and eliminate unwanted costs, while improving function and quality. In construction this involves considering the availability of materials , construction methods , transportation issues, site limitations or restrictions, planning and organisation, costs, profits and so on. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Value_engineering_in_building_design_and_construction Knowledge Dreadnought project involves major refurbishment works, as well as replacement of existing services. According to (Koehn Tower, 1982) refurbishment work demands even greater supervision than new build work, given the increase in labour, together with a corresponding increase in fragmented specialized work and the difficulties associated with unforeseen challenges such as asbestos findings in demolition stage. The high level of uncertainty in refurbishment projects tends to lead to project over-run. The ability of project manager to cope with unexpected change and/or conflicts are necessary as well as knowledge associated with the analysis of project risks. (Smyth Pryke, 2008) Provision of a Risk Management Strategy Risk Management is a particular form of decision making within project management, these decisions are made against a predetermined set of objectives, rules or priorities based upon knowledge, data and information relevant to the issue. (J.Smith, et al., 2009). Nevertheless, it is not possible to have all relevant information on time, or conditions of total certainty and in some cases decisions are ill-founded, not based on a logical assessment of project specific criteria and lead to difficulties later. (J.Smith, et al., 2009). Dreadnought project was intended to be open by 2016, but due.kas nutiko ? the main contractor was liquidated. In construction projects each of the three primary targets of iron triangle will be likely to be subject to risk and uncertainty. It follows that a realistic estimate is one which makes appropriate allowances for all those risk and uncertainties which can be anticipated from experience and foresight. Project managers should undertake or propose actions which eliminate the risks they occur, or reduce the effects of risk or uncertainty and make provision for them if they occur when this is possible and cost effective. (J.Smith, et al., 2009). Most commonly, the Client has an overall risk management strategy and policy included in the strategic documents and quality management systems. Main issues concerning project owner risk strategy are risk ownership (which party owns the risk; risk exposure and transfer) and risk financing (how to include and use budget risk allowance or contingency). Project planning methods should be utilized to communicate to all parties in a project, to identify sequences of activities and to draw attention to potential problem areas. The successful realization of a project will depend greatly on careful planning and continuous monitoring and updating. Sequences of activities will be defined and linked on a timescale to ensure that priorities are identified and that efficient use is made of expensive and/or scarce resources. The purpose of planning are therefore to persuade people to perform tasks before they delay the operations of other groups pf people, and in such a sequence that the best use is made of available resources and to provide a framework for decision making in the event of change. Project management information systems (PMISs) should forecast the outcome of a project in terms related to achievement of its objectives. Integrated cost models link time with money. They provide project managers with forecasts to completion in terms of cost, time resource usage and cash flow. Decision about future actions can be made with the best available forecasts in these terms. Cost models also help to overcome an implementation gap between monitoring systems and the managers action. Risk management software (RMS) is the term used to denote a specialist software, which can be used to apply on of the many risk assessment methodologies (e.g. Origami, Procore) It is well known fact that managing risk has two major objectives; to avoid the downside risks and to exploit opportunities. And very often, the latter has been neglected, as the former has much more to do with securing your project objectives, which for many organizations is priority. But on the hand, the major leaps in project cost and time reduction are results of innovative thinking with focus on exploring opportunities by challenging the risks. The trend today is to establish ambitious goals, to seek for new technological solutions and concepts and to look for effective ways of organizing and managing projects (J.Smith, et al., 2009) To achieve these aims it is suggested that a systematic approach is followed: to identify the risk sources, to quantify their effects, to develop management responses to risk and finally to provide for residual risk in the projects estimates. These four stages comprise the core of the process of risk management. Risk Management can be one of the most creative task of project management. (J.Smith, et al., 2009) Contingency Conclusion Conclude recommend there are specific parts to the question, however, there may be a variety of options, it is useful to appraise these before you conclude; the conclusion should re-iterate, this may be subjective, if a balanced view is stated, this cannot be wrong, however there must be a conclusion Word count (excluding References) 2000 Guerin, D. M., 2012. Project Management in the Construction Industry, Massachusetts: Brandeis University. J.Smith, N., Merna, T. Jobling, P., 2009. Managing Risk in Construction Projects. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Koehn, E. Tower, S., 1982. Current aspects of construction rehabilitation.. ASCE, 108(C02), pp. 330-340. Naoum, S. Langford, D., 1989. An investigation into the performance of management contracts and traditional method of building procurement. s.l.:Brunel University School of Engineering and Design PhD Theses. Smyth, H. Pryke, S., 2008. Collaborative Relationships in Construction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Walker, A., 2002. Project Management In Construction. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.

Cerebral Palsy Essay -- Diseases Health Genetics Essays

Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy is a generic term that is applied to a non-progressive motor disorder. Approximately (2).% of children born today will have some form of cerebral palsy (CP). There are four main categories in which CP disorders are placed. First, Spastic syndromes due to upper motor neuron involvement are representative of 70% of CP cases (8). Subgroups of this include hemiplegia (21%), quadriplegia (27%), and diplegia (21%), which is a mixture of quadriplegia and paraplegia (8). The hemiplegics of this group often have mild or less severe speech impediments than the other subgroups (8). Second, athetoid and dyskinetic syndromes occur in about 20% of the cases (8). This group has the slow, writhing movements and choreiform like movements of the distal extremities also (8). These movements cease during sleep and increase when they become upset. Speech impairment is also often found in these patients (8). Third, ataxics’ (10%) have cerebellar involvement, wide based gait, intentio n tremors, problems doing fine movements, and incoordination weakness (8). Fourth, mixed forms of the above named groups are the most common, with spastic and athetoid symptoms being the most often paired. Convulsive seizures are often found in CP patients which often adds to the problems (8). Other associated problems include cognitive impairment, vision and hearing impairments, problems with communication, emotional deficits, behavioral problems and feeding problems (3). Spastic hemiplegics and paraplegics are the most likely to be of normal intelligence (3). Hemiplegics have the lowest incidence of mental retardation with about 40% of them (3). In CP patients it appears that the higher the degree of spasticity the greater the other pr... ...developmental disorder. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1992, 318: 307-14. 3. Eicher, P. and Batshaw, M. Cerebral Palsy. Pediatr. Clin. North- Am., 1993, Jun; 40(3): 537-548. 4. Hughes, I. and Newton, R. Genetic Aspects of Cerebral Palsy. Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 1992, Jan; 34(1): 80-86. 5. Melone, P., Ernest, J., O’Shea, M., Klinepeter, K. Appropriateness of intrapartum fetal heart rate management and risk of Cerebral Palsy. Am. J. Obs. Gyn., 1991 (Aug.), 165: 272-277. 6. Powell, T. et. al. Cerebral Palsy in Low-birth weight Infants. II. Spastic Diplegia Associations with Fetal Immaturity. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1988, 30:19-25. 7. Vargha-Khadem, F. et. al. Development of intelligence and Memory in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. Brain, 1992, 115: 315-329. 8. The Merck Manual, Pediatrics and Genetics, Chpt. 198, pg. 2110. Cerebral Palsy Essay -- Diseases Health Genetics Essays Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy is a generic term that is applied to a non-progressive motor disorder. Approximately (2).% of children born today will have some form of cerebral palsy (CP). There are four main categories in which CP disorders are placed. First, Spastic syndromes due to upper motor neuron involvement are representative of 70% of CP cases (8). Subgroups of this include hemiplegia (21%), quadriplegia (27%), and diplegia (21%), which is a mixture of quadriplegia and paraplegia (8). The hemiplegics of this group often have mild or less severe speech impediments than the other subgroups (8). Second, athetoid and dyskinetic syndromes occur in about 20% of the cases (8). This group has the slow, writhing movements and choreiform like movements of the distal extremities also (8). These movements cease during sleep and increase when they become upset. Speech impairment is also often found in these patients (8). Third, ataxics’ (10%) have cerebellar involvement, wide based gait, intentio n tremors, problems doing fine movements, and incoordination weakness (8). Fourth, mixed forms of the above named groups are the most common, with spastic and athetoid symptoms being the most often paired. Convulsive seizures are often found in CP patients which often adds to the problems (8). Other associated problems include cognitive impairment, vision and hearing impairments, problems with communication, emotional deficits, behavioral problems and feeding problems (3). Spastic hemiplegics and paraplegics are the most likely to be of normal intelligence (3). Hemiplegics have the lowest incidence of mental retardation with about 40% of them (3). In CP patients it appears that the higher the degree of spasticity the greater the other pr... ...developmental disorder. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1992, 318: 307-14. 3. Eicher, P. and Batshaw, M. Cerebral Palsy. Pediatr. Clin. North- Am., 1993, Jun; 40(3): 537-548. 4. Hughes, I. and Newton, R. Genetic Aspects of Cerebral Palsy. Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 1992, Jan; 34(1): 80-86. 5. Melone, P., Ernest, J., O’Shea, M., Klinepeter, K. Appropriateness of intrapartum fetal heart rate management and risk of Cerebral Palsy. Am. J. Obs. Gyn., 1991 (Aug.), 165: 272-277. 6. Powell, T. et. al. Cerebral Palsy in Low-birth weight Infants. II. Spastic Diplegia Associations with Fetal Immaturity. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1988, 30:19-25. 7. Vargha-Khadem, F. et. al. Development of intelligence and Memory in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. Brain, 1992, 115: 315-329. 8. The Merck Manual, Pediatrics and Genetics, Chpt. 198, pg. 2110.